Cervical and Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery

Cervical and lumbar disc herniations are among the most common spinal conditions. Modern surgical techniques play a crucial role in the treatment of these issues. However, it is important to remember that not all patients require surgery, and the decision to operate must be made with great care.

What is Cervical Herniation?

Cervical herniation typically occurs due to the degeneration or damage to the discs between the vertebrae. The jelly-like substance in the center of the disc leaks out and may press on the nerves. This can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, muscle weakness, and restricted movement.

What is Lumbar Herniation?

Lumbar herniation follows a similar mechanism, but in this case, the vertebrae and nerves in the lumbar region are affected. Lumbar disc herniation is typically characterized by lower back pain, radiating pain to the legs, muscle weakness, and gait disturbances.

Surgical Treatment Options

Cervical and lumbar disc herniation surgery is usually considered when conservative treatments (such as physical therapy, medication, etc.) have not been effective. The decision to perform surgery depends on factors such as the patient’s symptoms, age, overall health, and the impact of the herniation on spinal structure.

Cervical Herniation Surgeries

The most commonly used surgical methods for treating cervical herniation include:

1. Microdiscectomy: In this procedure, a microscope is used to remove the disc material that is pressing on the nerves.
2. Disc Replacement: The damaged disc is removed and replaced with an artificial disc to maintain mobility.
3. Spinal Fusion: Vertebrae are fused together to provide stability to the spine.

Lumbar Herniation Surgeries

The surgical methods for treating lumbar herniation include:

1. Microdiscectomy: A microscope is used to remove the herniated disc pressing on the nerve root.
2. Laminectomy: In cases where the spinal canal is narrowed, bone tissue is removed from the spine to reduce pressure.
3. Endoscopic Discectomy: The herniation can be treated with smaller incisions and less tissue damage.

Post-Surgery Period

For successful recovery, it is crucial for the patient to follow the doctor’s advice. Physical therapy is important for regaining mobility and maintaining spinal health after surgery.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgery, cervical and lumbar disc herniation surgeries carry risks, including infection, bleeding, nerve damage, and recurrence of the herniation. Although these complications are rare, selecting an experienced surgeon and making a careful decision about surgery is important.

Cervical and lumbar disc herniation surgery can significantly improve the quality of life for appropriate patients. However, this treatment option should only be used when necessary, and each patient’s approach should be personalized. Post-surgery follow-up and rehabilitation are also essential for maintaining success.